Permian ancestors of Hymenoptera and Raphidioptera
نویسنده
چکیده
The origin of Hymenoptera remains controversial. Currently accepted hypotheses consider Hymenoptera as the first side branch of Holometabola or sister-group to Mecopteroidea. In contrast, fossils confirm the idea of Martynov that Hymenoptera are related to Megaloptera and Raphidioptera. Hymenoptera have descended along with Raphidioptera from the earliest Megaloptera, the Permian Parasialidae. A related new family, minute Nanosialidae from the Permian of Russia is supposedly ancestral to Raphidioptera. The fusion of the third ovipositor valvulae is shown to be not a synapomorphy of Neuropteroidea. Parasialids and nanosialids bridge the gap between megalopterans and snakeflies; all can be classified into a single order, Panmegaloptera nom. n., including a new suborder Siarapha for Nanosialidae. The earliest megalopterans and their descendants, Raphidioptera and Hymenoptera, have passed through a "miniaturization bottleneck", likely a common macroevolutionary mechanism.
منابع مشابه
Crustaceans Protura Collembola Diplura Archaeognatha Zygentoma Odonata Ephemeroptera Zoraptera Dermaptera Plecoptera Orthoptera Mantophasmatodea Grylloblattodea Embioptera Phasmatodea Mantodea Blattodea Isoptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Psocodea Hymenoptera Raphidioptera Megaloptera Neuroptera Strepsiptera Coleoptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera Siphonaptera Mecoptera Diptera
I nsects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth, occupying a broad range of niches across ecosystems. However, many insect groups have a poor fossil record, meaning that the early evolution of hexapod orders remains shrouded in mystery (1). For this reason, studies of insect diversification, the timing of evolutionary innovations, and the arthropod phylogeny rely on molecular date estim...
متن کاملInocellia indica sp. nov. (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae): a new snakefly species from northeastern India.
A new species of the snakefly genus Inocellia Schneider, 1843 from northeastern India is described: Inocellia indica sp. nov. The new taxon represents the second species of Raphidioptera from the northeastern part of the Indian Subcontinent and appears to be closely related to I. bhutana Aspöck, Aspöck & Rausch, 1991 from neighboring Bhutan.
متن کاملInsecta Neuroptera, Megaloptera e Raphidioptera
Neuroptera are holometabolous insects of small to medium size (in few cases large); their are over 6,500 estimated species worldwide, belonging to 37 orders (or suborders, according to the views of various authors): Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Neuroptera sensu stricto. The Italian fauna is relatively well known thanks to works specifi cally aimed at this group, particularly following the rev...
متن کاملFauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)
Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, wh...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2001 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013